Carcinogen risk assessment.

Carcinogen risk assessment.

A molecular biological rationale for the linear nonthreshold dose-response pattern for carcinogenesis is presented based on the mutagenic activation of oncogens as the basis of initiation. The approach assumes that the linear nonthreshold dose pattern at very low doses applies only to tissues that are promoted by intrinsic and extrinsic agents other than the one being modeled, and that risk is ...

Guidelines for Carcinogen Risk Assessment

Guidelines for Carcinogen Risk Assessment

Carcinogen risk assessment guidelines and children.

Over two years ago, the White House issued Executive Order 13045, "Protection of Children from Environmental Health Risks and Safety Risks," which called upon federal agencies to identify and assess environmental health and safety risks that may disproportionately affect children and to ensure that their policies, programs, and standards address these risks (1). The executive order reflected a ...

Mechanisms of multistep carcinogenesis and carcinogen risk assessment.

Many different types of chemical exposures can increase the incidence of tumors in animals and humans, but usually a long period of time is required before the carcinogenic risk of an exposure is manifested. Both of these observations can be explained by a multistep/multigene model of carcinogenesis. In this model, a normal cell evolves into a cancer cell as the result of heritable changes in m...